Villa rustica
The Villa Borg was one of the largest Roman rural estates, or villae rusticae in Latin, in the entire Saar-Moselle region.
It was divided into the main house (pars urbana) and a farm area (pars rustica) and is a so-called longitudinal axial villa, which means that its construction is oriented around a long central axis.
Pars urbana
The complete excavation of the pars urbana began in 1986, and the building has now been reconstructed on the foundation walls.
Several buildings were originally grouped around a large inner courtyard.
The main house, positioned perpendicular to the central axis, formed the focus and served as the residence and prestige building for the ruling family.
Adjoining it on one side was the bathhouse and on the other side there was a so-called residential and farming building with living quarters and workrooms for the domestic servants.
At different times, a kitchen was situated in front of both of these wings.
The palatial main house was separated from the farm area by a wall and a large gatehouse.
Pars rustica
The pars rustica included what are known as the annexes.
Their symmetrical arrangement is also a feature of other villas in Gaul, such as the villa in Reinheim (Saarpfalz-Kreis district).
Annexes 1 and 2 in Borg have both been studied in detail; they served as a food store (1) and a simple dwelling (2).
Alongside them, it is assumed that there were further stores, stalls, workshops and carriage sheds as well as living quarters for administrators, caretakers and agricultural workers.
The section of the pars rustica enclosed by the wall probably served as a kitchen garden and possibly also as a place to keep small livestock.